The Effect Of Automatic And Controlled Processing On The...

Introduction J.R. Stroop conducted an experiment in 1935, where he studied the difference of automatic and controlled processing through his experiment called the Stroop Effect . Automatic processing can be defined as an implicit way of thinking that is unconscious, while controlled processing is intentional. The experiment dealt with Stroop giving the participants two list in different conditions. While the participants read the lists, they were told to read them as fast as possible. In the first condition the people had to read the ink in which the word was written in, for example the color would be red and the word would be â€Å"RED†. The second condition was similar except that word and color did not coincide, for example the color would be green but the word would read â€Å"PURPLE†. Their processing would be affected during the second condition, and they would have more trouble recognizing the color â€Å"green† when the word they read was purple. The curr ent study will specifically explore the research question of what is the extent that automatic and controlled processing can affect the way that people process information. The justification for this current study is to follow up on Stroop’s original outcomes, and see if there are any other possible outcomes that could exist. J.D. Dunbar and C.M. MacLeod’s (1984) replication of the Stroop Effect would be an example of a study that supports Stroop’s previous conclusion. Dunbar and MacLeod saw that by comparing the timeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Is Stereotyping Inevitable?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion; according to Devine (2007), it is, but Lepore and Brown (2007) have to disagree. Devine believes that â€Å"stereotyping is automatic, which makes it inevitable.† On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotyping is automatic, and have claimed, after observation, that it depends on the individual. According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulusRead MoreLink Between Spatial Attention And Social Anxiety1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthere has been seen an exponential popularity in pinpointing the exact attentional mechanisms which underlie such selective processing in models of anxiety(Clarke et al 2013). There are several different models of anxiety processing, however in this paper only the cognitive model of anxiety will be used. This model will be used because it uses both automatic and controlled processes that disrupts the cognitive economy to induces a state of anxiety. The model also gives an insight on the responseRead MoreSources and Implications of Different Perspectives of Behavior935 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior may be predetermined by these genetic factors. Since our genes are part of the evolutionary theory, psychologists think that behavior may have evolutionary explanations as to why we act the way we do. Genetic influences, in some behaviors like hallucinations and other disorders are the effect of faulty inherited genes. These genes are said to be the cause of malfunctioning within the nervous system thus explaining our behaviors. This perspective supports that nurture has more to do with onesRead MoreThe Theory Of The And Social Theory1468 Words   |  6 PagesFreudian internalisation and behaviourist reinforcement, or reasoning and â€Å"higher† cognition, such as Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s post-conventional reasoning. Recent studies showed the importance of both emotions and reasoning, particularly the process of automatic emotions, which was shown to be influential. Lawrence Kohlberg (1969) was responsible for one of the revolutions in this area. He carried on Jean Piaget’s earlier work by developing a six-stage model of the development of moral reasoning. KohlbergRead MoreSocial Psychology : Midterm Exam Summer 20154074 Words   |  17 Pagesprophecy† play a positive or negative role in our everyday life? Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error, and be sure to explain why the error is considered â€Å"fundamental.† Describe the strengths and the weaknesses of both controlled and automatic processing. Explain how journalists can fall prey to cognitive bias in news-making. A self-fulfilling prophesy in social psychology is when a perceiver holds a false belief about a target. This false belief starts a chain of events that eventuallyRead MoreStress Is A Natural Part Of Life1496 Words   |  6 Pagesreach a certain goal (this type of stress is called eustress). The problem, and where stress gets an automatic bad thought, is when stress becomes distress. Distress is defined as â€Å"great pain, anxiety or sorrow; acute physical or mental suffering† (Dictionary.com). Doctors are taught different types of drugs to prescribe like antianxiety medications that all have annoying and unpleasant side effects - some can actually come with an increased risk for depression, which is something most people sufferingRead MoreThe Issue Over The Existence Of Free Will Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesexcitement and thrill in life comes from finding our eventual outcome: seeing if our conscious willpower was, in the end, enough to tip the balance in our favor. I w ould argue that the decisions we make in response to stimuli in our day to day lives are controlled through three methods: (1)subconscious cognitively impenetrable processes, (2)learned subconscious behaviors, and last and least, (3)conscious thought. 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Behaviorism is mainly concerned with the side ofRead MoreA New Approach For Scm1719 Words   |  7 Pages A New approach to SCM Today getting a product to the right market at right time is not a big deal but when we are thinking about thousands for SKUs , components, suppliers , and manufacturing partners , logistic partners in eight different time zone is not a easiest task. Mobility, Collaboration and transportation are not so easy and it’s hard to achieve the profit from your global supply chain. It’s time to make your supply chain flexible and open to all. Let your supply chain to be customerRead MoreMoral Psychology : A Long Standing Rationalist Tradition3611 Words   |  15 Pagesoccur in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes. Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process - which leads to intuitive emotional responses - and an explicit (controlled), conscious process - which leads to controlled cognitive responses. Moral emotions are readily evoked by the perception of moral violations; it has been suggested that, in contrast to laborious deductive reasoning, moral emotions enable rapid, automatic, and unconscious cognitive

Simone Weil’s Love of Neighbor Free Essays

Simone Weil’s â€Å"Waiting for God† have discussed the implied love of God through the reiteration of love and compassion as an answer or remedy for affliction and as a step in able to restore justice. Simone Weil was a wealthy French political activist and philosopher who have strived to argue about the â€Å"universal goodness of men†. She maintains that the world in which we lived in is generally composed of inequalities. We will write a custom essay sample on Simone Weil’s Love of Neighbor or any similar topic only for you Order Now In such case, there are some people who catch our attention while there are those â€Å"others† who are often regarded as the collective unknown. Since there was a lack of attention, otherwise of circumstance and/or affinity, these people remained to be unidentified. She further argues that those people who are with power acts in â€Å"mechanical ways†. This is because they are blindly under the assumption or thinking that they are obligated to enact their power over others in able to defend or protect themselves. They believe that if they do not act in such a way as imposing their power over other people, they might end up being slaves or being objects themselves. Those who do not have power are reduced to â€Å"mere items or objects† who functions as property and quantities obviously does so because they do not have the capability to command other people and they are viewed by those who are in power as means to their ends. This was largely reflected on wars, as soldiers are deployed in   combat areas, those who held government power are deciding which troop would be sent first or which troop would be in this or that position. To further understand her point, she tries to demonstrate the mechanical aspect of power through the ideas of affliction and slavery.   She renders that affliction is a mark of slavery; it is when the soul becomes blind and numb through the mechanical violence perpetuated by power that they exist only as things. Human’s primary task is to give attention to those who are afflicted or to those people who were possessed by power.   Since other afflicted person’s are hardened by the feelings and experiences that they posses, it is then the human being’s task to love our neighbor’s as much as we love ourselves. According to Weil, most people do not understand what the pain that the afflicted persons are feeling. It is quite impossible for unequal things to feel equal or the same, in such, people who are unequal cannot feel the same feeling, cannot understand the same thing that other people is experiencing. She argues that what connects everything is a link with what she renders as an â€Å"outside reality†. She clarifies that this â€Å"link† can be manifested through the presence of â€Å"injustice† which is the damage caused in the private sphere of an individual. Weil’s conception of Justice is base on a religious aspect of a universal obligation to â€Å"remedy the damages done in any body or soul†.   According to Weil, the universality of this obligation is in such form that disposing it would make one a â€Å"criminal†. Justice for Weil is reflective of compassion with the acknowledgement that there must be no harm done to other people most specifically to our neighbors. It is through justice that those who are in power would be compassionate to those who does not posses power for they would not treat those other people merely as objects or as indifferent persons but as reflections and extensions of themselves. They would then remove the mechanical ways that follows from their possession of power for this ways would not be recognize or at least utilize. In my opinion, Weil’s ideas are too idealistic, for although people may indeed love their neighbors as much as they love themselves, nonetheless, this could only happen if all would indeed subscribe to this kind of philosophical thinking. It is quite inevitable for people to dominate other things, and this is something that Weil herself recognizes, as she states that indeed inequality is something that we cannot demise. Yet she proceed on implying that humans can in some way become compassionate to other people or feel and share the pain of other people. This is simply implausible even if she argued that there is a universal link that determines compassion as an obligation to other people, still it is deeply imbedded in human being’s nature and personhood that he/she must strive for him/herself with or without the regard for other people. Her ideal morality and universal justice cannot be attained in our society and is only possible in a hypothetical realm where people may indeed recognize his/her obligation to other people. It might also work well in particular instances upon a serious contemplation and dedication to religion or to a morality that corresponds to the same ideals. For example, in instances like those done by Christ, helping other people without the regard of what will happen to yourself, is something that can indeed be treated to be an instance in support of Weil’s claims. However, one must not forget to take into account the fact that somehow there can be personal interest involved or such and such actions are only plausible in certain circumstances and not in others. Thus, my assessment of Weil’s philosophy is implausible and too idealistic. Works Cited: Weil, Simone. Waiting for God. New York: First Perennial Classics. 2001.       How to cite Simone Weil’s Love of Neighbor, Essay examples

Communication Tchnology

Question: Discuss about the Communication Technology ? Answer : Introduction ICT is defined as use of software and hardware to manage information efficiently. For learning institutions, ICT has brought about a lot of benefits when used in running the institution on a daily basis. However, adoption has not been perfect as it has come with some drawbacks. Usages of ICT The major areas where ICT has found usage in learning institutions are: Use of ICT to run the learning institution- This includes the use of management systems for example a library management system, curriculum generation system, timetable generation system and student registration systems. Use of ICT for E-learning- This is the use to conduct learning through mainly the internet. Students do not have to be physically present in class rooms to attend a class. Instead, the class is conducted through a teleconferencing call where all the students can listen to the lecturer like a typical class except that they are miles away from each other. This also includes the use of digital media for example E-books sent to student. Use of ICT for research by students and teachers. The internet has made it possible for anyone to access a wide pool of information with a few clicks. This has made research very easy as students or teachers can use the internet to research and to share information (Tinio, 2015). Use of social media websites to create groups where students can form discussion groups. The students can also submit their assignments through use of different online dashboards if adopted by the learning institution. Advantages of ICT in education ICT has benefits in education to all stakeholders involved, i.e. the staff, teachers, students and the parents of the students. ICT helps in day to day running of the learning institution. Considering a library management system, it helps keep records of which student has borrowed which book and for how long. This provides accountability. Use of internet to access information has increased the content available for both the students and the teachers. Using ICT to run the school brings about efficiency and good record keeping (Intel, 2012). Disadvantages of ICT in education ICT comes with its drawbacks in education. To incorporate ICT is expensive for an organization. This is because acquiring the hardware and software can be expensive. Quality is another issue where due to access of a large pool of information on the internet students can access information that is not true. This can be depreciating to the quality of the education system (Mohanty, 2011). Conclusion ICT plays a key role in the education system and incorporating in day to day activities of a learning institution can be beneficial despite of the few drawbacks involved. References Intel. (2012). The Value of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Education. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/flyers/education-ict-benefits-infographic.pdf Mohanty, R. R. (2011). ICT Advantages Disadvantages. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://ict-adv-disadv.blogspot.co.ke/ Tinio, V. L. (2015). ICT in Education. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ICT_in_Education/Introduction What is ICT in Education. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://www.elmoglobal.com/en/html/ict/01.aspx

REBECCA Essays - English-language Films, Films, Rebecca,

REBECCA CHAPTER 27 Main Characters: Colonel Julyan, Favell , Maxim, Mrs. De Winters, Mrs. Danvers Setting: A car, a gas station, a restaurant Mood: Shocked Plot: The chapter opens with Julyan, Favell, and Maxim. They all seem to be in shock about Rabecca's diagnosis. The diagnosis was terminal and only gave Rebecca a few months to live. This was a clear motive for Rebecca to commit suicide. maxim, colonel julyan, and Mrs. De Winters all get in the car and drive off. They drop off Colonel Julyan at his sisters house. the colonel invites Mr. and Mrs. De Winters to stay over night and dine, they kindly decline his offer and prefer to eat at a pub on the way to Manderley. During dinner Maxim told Mrs. De Winters that he felt that Rebecca's suicide was her last joke. After dinner Mrs. De Winters suggested that they stay in a hotel for the night. Maxim insisted that they go back to Manderley because he had an eerie feeling. Maxim rolled Mrs. De Winters in a rug so she could be warm and comfortable. On the way home Mrs. De Winters has a dream. It is about Mrs. Danvers. She was on top of the stair case in Manderley and she was all dressed in black. Mrs. De Winters tired to go to her but she vanished. They stop at a garage to get something to drink and continue on their way. Mrs. De Winters has another dream, she sees Frith and Robert brining tea to the library. Then she has another dream about her sending out invitations. Mrs. De Winters has written them all in a big black pen, but when she looks down her handwriting is not hers. She looks up into a mirror and sees Rebecca. Maxim comes up behind Mrs. De Winters to brush her hair and the brush turns into a long rope. Maxim puts it around his neck and looks into the mirror at Rebecca's image and smiles. Mrs. De winters awakes screaming. She was very nervous and shivering. Then Maxim and Mrs. De Winters see a glow in the horizon and she asks if its the sun rising, but he replies, "That's not the northern lights, that's Manderley." Conflicts: Internal- Mrs. De Winter External- Mrs. Danvers ( she can't believe Rebecca committed suicide and doesn't want Maxim and Mrs. De Winters living the Manderley happily ever after so she burns the house.) Imagery: "He drove faster, much faster. We stopped at the hill before us and saw Lanyon lying at our feet. Their to the left of us was a silver streak of the river, Widening to the estuary at Kerryith 6 miles away. The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shocked with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt from the sea. " Symbolism- Mrs. Danvers standing in a black dress on the staircase, symbolized the end of Manderley. Vocabulary: Diffident- retiring inevitable- certain abscess- sore.